广西壮族自治区艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者CD4+T淋巴细胞动态趋势及影响因素分析

目的 了解广西壮族自治区(广西)抗病毒治疗患者CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞动态趋势及影响因素。方法 选择2013年1月1日后首次开始抗病毒治疗的成年艾滋病患者,对基线、治疗后6个月和12个月时间段的CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数结果进行回顾分析,采用一般线性模型重复测量方差分析描述和分析患者CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞动态趋势及影响因素。结果 4 082例患者基线、治疗后6个月和12个月的CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数均值分别为(195.3±155.7)cells/mm³、(331.9±202.6) cells/mm³ 和 (380.9±221.3) cells/mm³, 仅有时间效应时,总体差异有统计学意义(F=3 161.124,P=0.000)。治疗后CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数随时间推移而提升,主要影响因素为性别、年龄、基线CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、治疗方案、漏服药物和停药。受性别、年龄、治疗方案、漏服药物、停药等因素影响,治疗后CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数随时间推移而呈线性提升趋势。受基线CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、停药等因素影响,治疗后CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数提升趋势符合二次方曲线方程。结论 广西艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗后CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数提升速度受多种因素影响。针对不同患者适时进行抗病毒治疗可以获得良好预后结果。     

Heteroepitaxy of Cerium Oxide Thin Films on Cu(111)

An important part of fundamental research in catalysis is based on theoretical and modeling foundations which are closely connected with studies of single-crystalline catalyst surfaces. These so-called model catalysts are often prepared in the form of epitaxial thin films, and characterized using advanced material characterization techniques. This concept provides the fundamental understanding and the knowledge base needed to tailor the design of new heterogeneous catalysts with improved catalytic properties. The present contribution is devoted to development of a model catalyst system of CeO₂ (ceria) on the Cu(111) substrate. We propose ways to experimentally characterize and control important parameters of the model catalyst—the coverage of the ceria layer, the influence of the Cu substrate, and the density of surface defects on ceria, particularly the density of step edges and the density and the ordering of the oxygen vacancies. The large spectrum of controlled parameters makes ceria on Cu(111) an interesting alternative to a more common model system ceria on Ru(0001) that has served numerous catalysis studies, mainly as a support for metal clusters.     

Impact of dietary ingredients on the interpretation of various fecal parameters in rats fed inulin

In the present study, the influences of diets (i.e. chow and AIN-93 diets) on the interpretation of various fecal parameters including viable microbiota, moisture, weight, and short-chain fatty acids in rats fed different amounts of inulin (0.5–2 g/kg). Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) were fed, for 4 weeks, chow or AIN-93 diets with or without inulin supplementation. Fecal samples were analyzed for different fecal parameters. After a 2-week adaptation, apparent differences in some fecal parameters were observed between the chow and AIN-93 diet groups. Throughout the 4-week intervention period, significantly (p < 0.05) higher Lactobacillus spp. counts, fecal moisture (∼2.7-fold), and fecal weight (∼5.8-fold) were observed with chow diet over AIN-93 diet. More specifically, significant elevations in the levels of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., fecal moisture, and fecal weight could be observed at low-dose (0.5 g/kg) of inulin in chow diet groups, while most of these changes could merely be seen at medium-dose (1 g/kg) in AIN-93 diet groups. These results demonstrated that the choice of experimental diets would affect the comparison of fecal parameters as well as the interpretation of effective dosage of prebiotic in intestinal health assessments.     

NMDA receptor activity bidirectionally controls active decay of long‐term spatial memory in the dorsal hippocampus

The time‐dependent forgetting of long‐term spatial memories involves activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. Here, we tested whether NMDARs regulate memory persistence bidirectionally, decreasing or increasing the rate of forgetting. We found that blocking NMDAR activation with AP5 or the GluN2B‐selective antagonist Ro25‐6981 in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) prevented the natural forgetting of long‐term memory for the locations of objects in an open field arena. In contrast, while enhancing NMDAR function with the partial agonist D‐Cycloserine did not affect the speed of forgetting for these types of memories, infusing the NMDAR co‐agonist D‐Serine significantly shortened their persistence. These results suggest that NMDAR activity can modulate the speed of constitutive long‐term memory decay in the dHPC and that regulating NMDAR expression and D‐Serine availability could provide a mechanism to control the duration of long‐term memory.     

不同产地细辛中主要有效成分含量测定与比较

目的研究47份不同来源、不同表型正品细辛样品的有效成分含量,评价正品细辛样品的质量,揭示有效成分形成与遗传和地域的关系,为细辛优良品种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。方法冷凝回流法提取挥发油、乙醇热浸法提取醇溶性浸出物,HPLC法测定细辛脂素含量、气质联用(GC-MS)分析挥发油组分,组间联接法进行聚类分析。结果 47份细辛样品挥发油量0.81%～3.32%。有5份样品挥发油量超过3.0%。醇溶性浸出物量为9.87%～29.40%,含量超过20%的样品占总数的63.8%。细辛脂素质量分数为0.118%～0.424%,有26份样品细辛脂素质量分数超过0.25%;47份细辛挥发油可分离出的化合物种类48～77种,化合物种类和含量有较大差异。基于有效成分的聚类分析将不同来源地、不同表型的细辛分为10类,聚类方式基本是按照来源地为基础进行聚类,同一来源地的汉城细辛和北细辛聚在一类中。结论在同一栽培环境和条件下,不同来源地、不同植物学表型的样品个体间有效成分含量间存在差异,新品种选育时可依照植物表型选择优良育种材料。大部分样品聚类与来源地域有关而与植物表型以及植物学分类无关。